Baking-machine.



0. GARRISON. BAKING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN.20.AI9I3.

' l ,203,108.4 n Itented- Oct. 31,1916.

uvezwtoz .0. GARRISON.

' BAKiNG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.20. 1913.

1,203,108. Patented 0er. 31,1916.

- 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@u #la WA @M @my UNITED STATES rATENr @Erica9 yoRLANiio,GAiiItIsoikn oFiiiAYToN, oHIo, AssI'GNoR, BY MEsNnAssIGNivIEN'IVs,vfrofo'rin 'I TURNBULL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, .or WILMINGTON, onrein GORPQRATION 10E-omo,

Lanai-,roeil Beitknown that QI, ORLANDO Gannisox, a` citizen ofthe United States, residing 'at Dayton, in the Ycountyv of'y Montgomery and Statefof Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Baking Machines, of whicli'the following. is a specicatiom My invention relates to baking machines and is particularly,related to that type of machine used `for baking icecream cone wafers ,v a In its preferred form, niyinvention isofA particularadvantage' in, that type of'machine wherein one or more series of baking platesgin chain-like array are used for the reception ofbatter and the vsubsequent baking of wafers to be molded in the form of ice cream cones.vr

In a baking machine taken in the forni of an `endless carriage, `one of the primary f eatures'of my invention resides in the provisionfof a peculial .structure for the automatic compensatio'nfof the variations in length kof the chain, sucli variations being caused `by the expansive properties of the chainl when subjected to the influence of appliedy heat. VIn its preferredl form, Vthis compensatory action is caused vby the weight ofthe chain element itself, dueto the influence of,"gravity. More specifically, one strand of the endless chain of baking plates is allowed afree lsagging and in this manner automatically renders the other strand properly. taut and this condition exists regard.

lessof the, amount :of expansive and con-` tractive actions due to the variationsy of ap.

*Another` feature of my invention, which is particularly applicable to chain baking machines, resides' in the provision of an improved structure wherein theba-king units are atpdetermined intervals, caused to pass through heat retaining ovens, withinwliich is confined a-sutlicient -quantity of ,heat to maintain the desiredtemperature. for baking. vvrlhis is fin the nature of `angimprve- -ment over existing chain baking'machines,

wherein the entire casing structure of the' machine ismaintainedunder subjection to' a highdegree of'1 heat.' I have y.found in'.

practice that-,it is advisable and advantageous to pass the bakingfilates` through vovens of confined '.volumef or the heating of such baking plates. -These ovens.A it be- Specification of-*Letters Patent.v

,the heating elements.

BAKING-NACHINE. f

Patented Oct.y 31y Application 'mea January 20,1913.y serial No. 7433309. r

ing understood, are` desiifablyi-heated bylav i' series of b urner elenientsdisposed at intervals therein.

Another feature of my vinvention appli-A y cable to baking Amachines in general, presents itself in the forni of aV simultaneous dual control, or, in other words', a speed controlling device which is coperative with thecon-trolhng means for the heating elef ments to automatically 'shut off these ele" mentsv simultaneously with the stopping of l the baking machine.` I have found that Iwhere a baking machine has been temporarily stopped, the invariable result is that the heating elements, preferably in the form of gas burners, are left inop'eration' andl A in this manner departing from'theuniformity. of heat ofthe bakingimits and Valso burning whatever wafers may be in` their.- l

process of formation. By automatically rendering the heatingr elements ineective with `the stopping of themachine, vthese un- One other important feature of myy invention resides inth'e'peculiar construction of baking" unit-s. I have found that .when thek batter is deposited upon the baking plates and these 'plates subjected lto the influence of heat.' the inevitable tendency yis for the batter to expand'due to its inherent'quali--4 ties and also that steam or other `vapors are generated. Ifjthese generated vaporsare not permitted to, escape, there willbe formed i y'irregular' pocket formations, .in vwhich the vapors are' held captive and these pocket formations vare not allowed to bake uni-v :formly with the remaining vportion ofkthef wafer.' Consequently, aside from these for.

mati0ns, there fare also formed different colored spots, usually White, 'upon the Wafer il() surface andl it is these. undesirable features that my invention aims to'overcome. Varions endeavors have been made to permit the escape of the generated vapors by corru ating the'complemental surfaces of the ba g units and these endeavors have met4 plemental plate is allowedy to .f1oat andany steam thatJ may be generated, will be permitted lto'escape by its own pressure, whereby the complemental plate is `slightly moved outwardly. I have also increased 'Figi and the efficiency of my baking units, by pro viding an abnormal heat absorbing surface.

VThis is accomplished preferably by the provision of regularly spaced forinations upon that side of the p'late to which thelieat is applied. It will be readilyr understood that the amount of heat absorbed by the baking units, is increasedv in a dcnite ratio with the amount of heat absorbing surface.

The preferred embodiment of my invenl tion is shown in the accompanying draW-,

ings, in which similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts, and in which:

Figure 1 is a sideelevation of my im! proved baking machine shown in its assembled condition, Fig. 2 is an elevation taken from the opposite side of that sli'ownin partially broken away, showing the operation of the baking chains, Fig. 3 is an end elevation looking from the left of the structure shown in Fig. 2,- Fig. 4 is 'an enlarged detail of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 1, and partially broken away lto show, the speed adjusting mechanism,

Fig. 5 is a detail view in plan showing the preferred type of floating baking plate, Fig. G is a view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5 and looking in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 7 is a detail view of a portion of the heat absorbing Surface of my improved baking plate, and, Fig. S is a ,detail view in' perspective of ai peculiar type of guard element utilized by me for preventing the baking of the batter in the discharge pump structure.

In the drawings, my baking machine is shown as comprising conipleinental side castings 1 and` 2 having downwardly extendiiig supporting legsl and rigidly held'- in spaced relation with each other by a plurality `of tie vrods 3 mounted in any desired position, Supported between these side castings 1 and 2 are two endless chains of baking plates 4 and passing over peculiarly shaped sprockets 6 supported upon shafts 7 and 8, which shafts are driven b v complementa] intermeshing gears 9- and 1 0. Power is supplied tothese gears through 'a pulley 11 mounted upona shaft 12 and normally running idle,.but adapted for power transmission through the operation of the pulley 15 is a'fworm 17 meshing with the worm lwheel 18 mounted upon a .shaft 19 vsuitably journaled in the side casing 2 and carrying a pinion v20 at its outer extremity. This pinion is adapted to mesh with the gear wheel 10 which in turn imparts motion to the baking chains. A suitable gear guard 21 is also provided toprevent accident.

The baking chains 4 and 5 are comprised of a plurality of,iii dividual baking plates arranged in an endless chain formation and aie guided in their movement by eoacton with laterally extending guideways 22, :23 and 24 upon the si'decastings l and-2. .It

willbe understood that the lower strand of the upper chain 4' adapted to lie adjacent the upper strand of the lower chain 5 and that batter is adapted to be placed upon the upper strandof the lower chain by means yof the pump structure designatedvl, which preferably has twol discharge ports, it being understood that the bakingplates are large enough to accommodate the simultaneous baking of two wafers, said pump structure being fed' from a source of supply 26 coniinunicat-ingwith the pump Ithrough the conduits 27 and normally under the control of the cam wheel 28. The structure of this ump mechanism will not be entered into in detail, but it may be explained that there are a plurality of complementa] pistons, which are under the control of the cam wheel 28 and which are adapted to discharge the free flowing batter upon each successive plate as .it enters the upper strand. The trackway 23 insures a predetermined path of movement of the coacting baking-plates and maintains them in a true horizontal position throughout this movement. -These-chains will vary in length according to their expansive properties when -sub]ected to the iutluence of heat and these variations in length are compensated for by the peculiar structure of the trackways 22 and 24. One end of these trac'kways is spaced somewhat from the chain"driving sprockets and the endless natuie of these chains causes this suspended portior to exert a tensioning stress upon the remainder of the chain. It will be understood that the sprockets and shaftsI 8 run idlel and the -weight of the suspended portion of the chain is transmittedaround these sprockets and in this manner maintains the coperating strands suiciently taut under all degrees of heat and independent of the metal parts caused by this heat. lalso provide metal vplates 29, 30 and`3l,` spanning" the distance between thel side castings yl and. -2 and above the baking chains to prevent, ex?

the amount of expansion or contraction of cessive loss'of heat due to radiationand in this i-nianner also provide `ivhat may .be

termed heat retaining ovens, .as it J.will be understood thatthe .air-'lying adjacent these cross plates, will be maintained in a heated condition and 1n this `manner prevent the Ichains' froni comingA into. contact With air at a temperature considerably lower than J- 1 themselves. The oven formed by the plate is formed with a peculiar hoodfstructure -3.?iiito 'Whichis adapted to jbefinserted a pyrometer 33 for at all times giving a visual indication of. the heatedcondition of the machine. y I hayefound in actual slightlyduring the normal operation of the machine and that steamand other gases' vare also lgeneratedI during the baking action. To permit the escape of these generated vgasesand to compensate for theinequalities as at` 38. Thesechain links are all connect-- in thickness of the batter, I-have'provded a peculiar type of baking `plate as indicated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 It will be understood 'strand of thef'upper chain 4f and comprise a plurality of individual elements 345 having one edge cut away as at 35' for the reception of the complemental downwardly extending apertured lug structures' 36." It' Will be,l

j ynoted that these lugs have an elongated aperture and are adapted to coact with comf plemental lugs of a similar nature,- lying ad.

l jacent thecut away portions 3.7i Extending longitudinally along each edge of the bak ing elements 3l, are chain links 37 having each end pierced and having one end offset ed together'by connectingrode` 39, which connecting rods are also 'adapted to pass through the'apertured lugs 36 carried by each of the baking elements 34. Thus, it

'Willbe noted that" each of the'baking elements is allowed `a certain amount of free movement and vthis movement, when my machine is in its assembled condition, is in a direction away from the coperating baking elements comprising the lower chain 5. Thus thepressure of any generated gases -will be suicient to partially elevate these plates yto allow their escape and yet their Weight is sufiicient to permit the forming ot the correct type ofwafer. It vwill', of course, be understood tha` t 1it is only essentiall to havel these 'chains I nountedy in this "mediums l rpractice that the 'thickness of the 'discharged batter, may varynism b v the. operating lever 4:4, the supply valve 51 is simultaneously operated topermanner when used in connection iviththils i' particular 'type of baking machine and its "detail description has been set forth ivlien used in this connection. 'The baking surface of each of the baking elementsniay be constructed tofultil any desired requirements.

as concerns lthe design of the finished product and the lower or hea-t absorbing surfaceof each of these elements, has been provided With fan abnoriiiallylarge surfaceyin order tomore readily facilitate the absorption ofthe ,applied heat.' This abnormallyy large surface'is provided for in the provision of a plurality of'pyramids 40, although Iit will be understoodl that the particular. shape of sorbing nature, unless they present a greater .exposed surt'acevto the action of thel heating j As has been'fstated, the" driving power of 'themachine lis introduced through the nie'- dium ot' the loose'pullej7 11A and the action of the' clutch mechanism A13. The clutchiniechan'ism 13"is shifted undeikthe controlot a yokeeleinent .tl rigidly mounted upon a rod 42 livhich' .rod is pivotally connected as at 43 to an operating ylever la fulcrumed interyleo these protrusions does not affect its heat alimediate'its ends as at 45- to the lower portion of the side ycasting-1l. rHeat is applied to the baking machine-througli the medium of aplurality ofgas burners 4:6 individually regulable by cocks .47 and are supplied through branch pipes 48. Each branch pipe a8 has a regulating valve 49 disposed 'between its point of jointure with the. main supply pipe 50 and the first gas burnerl.

Thus, it Will lbe apparent thateach gas burner is individually and collectively regulable as regards each series connected to the branch pipes. rvThe main supply pipe 50' also hasa. shut off valve 51 Awhich valve iS. operated by theinger 52 under the control of thel connecting rod 53 attached in any 'preferred manner tothe operating lever 4l.

This arrangement'of sluit olf valveis designed to either completely shutoff the flow. ot heating fluid, or toallow only a suflicient ioiv to serve in maintaining the burners lighted Withoutgving oit any appreciable heatwvhen l the clutch mechanism 13 is bakinginacliine stopped. lVhen, however,

the bakingmachine is again started in oper ation-by the shifting of the clutch mechamit the lnormal burning of each 'of the gas .buriiersiel i B v means of thev individual regulating mechanismfor each burner and also bythe provision of the controlling valvesett), the baking-.llames may be regu- 'lated-to a high degree ofuniformity and thus provide an .equal heating throughout f both strands of chain; It, however, ,it is devsired to increase or decrease the capacity of throivn out of gear and the operation ofthe the baking machine, the belt 16 connecting the cone pulleys14 and 15, is shifted'fto increase or decrease, as the case may be, the

number of revolutions of the worm 17. The' belt 16 is shifted by means of the' embracing yoke 54 slidably mounted upon a bar 5'5 supported by two of the 4tie rods 3. Rotatably mounted upon one of these tie'rods isa hand wheel 56 integrally carrying a sprocket wheel 57. Rigidly mounted upon the other of the tie rods 3 is a depending bracket 58 plemental sprocket 59. .The upper portion of the. embracing yoke 54 is provided with upwardly extending-lugs 60 to which are'fas-4 l I thel desired direction,

suppcrtingathe opposite c nd- `of the bar 55 which has rotatably'mounted therein a comtened' the two free ends of .the chain 61 which is adapted topass over thesprockets 57 and 59. v Thus, when thehand lwheel 56 is rotated, the embracing yoke 54 now form,- inga part of the chain, is caused to move in thus shifting .the driv- V. ing belt/16 to increase or decreasethe 'speed Y. Y- of. thfe' machine to any ,desiredV vdegrleepa'nd the baking time may be accordinglyyvaried.

From the' struct-nre shown'l in Figs.1, 2

andf', it willA beapparent: that-the pum-pj structureat all .f 'twol series'of baking elements. and theheat .3o.

times 'lies adjacent fthe influence will be lmore orl less yeieztiuvein partially baking the batter 4contained within Pump the pump beforeits discharge upon the baking plates. To guarda'gainst vthis undesirable condition, I have provided a lguard plate 62 'adapted to be interposed between the pump structure and the baking plates and preferably perforated as indicated -at 63. More or -less heat from the baking ele-y Aments'will be dissipated through radiation atgthislpointand the inevitable result from ,ani'garrangeinent'of .this type, agirtaround the-:pumpand through the perfrations 63 creatingsa draft around the rear of the guard'platffiand in this manner preventing caki-ngmof-lthe batter within the I have found, that by this arrangement, I am enabled lto leave the pump charged with batter and allow thebaking From the'above,1.t will be apparent that-I have provided means for accurately regulating the baking also that' I have provided control arrangement. It willbe understood. that if it is desired to'increase the capacity of my baking machine, all that is necessary is thefoperation o vshift the belt 16 in the right direction and then by the simple adjustment of the ccn-v trolling valves 49 in the 'system .of piping supply 'the fluid to the burners,- eamount; .of heat may also be minutel dguste'd to correspond with the lincrease inspeed. If

anuales' is the influx of machine. to 'coolgc' over night' and `still prefI vent caking ofthe-.batter within the pump I I plates, 'means for time of the wafers and` a very simple heat l.

it is desired totemporarily stop the operation of the device, this may be done by shifting of the ylever arm 44 which 'simultaneously shuts ofi' the flow of fluid to the burners 46 and-,will in this manner preventI burning o f the wafers after they have' been deposited upon the baking plates. It will further be apparentthat I have. provided an' extremely simple means for permitting the escape of anyfgases generated within the wafers during their `'process of: baking and also a type of, baking plate thatfis selfadjusting tovarying thicknesses of wafers and havejalso provided these plates with an length of sai-d'chains' due to the applied heat.

21A-baking machine AcomprisingV a supporting frame, a pair of superposed endless chainsv mounted Ito have coincident working faces, and `a guide struc'tureforsaid chains said chains and said structure being' constructedA relatively to permit thesagging of one .st-rand of each chain/to automatically compensatefor the variationsy lin length of said chains due tri-applied heat.' f

v 8. baking machine comprlsmg a plu l` rality of baking uni-t's,f1means for heating saidiunits, driving means 'Ifor imparting mo- Y tion to said units, and meanslfor'simultane' i ously cutting off the heating means with the stopping of the motion of said units.

4.' A baking porting structure, lan endless chain of baking plates, means for driving said chain, means for heating saidchain, and means for simultaneously cutting off the heating means with the stopplng of said chain.

` 5. A baklng machlne 'comprising a supporting frame,` an endless chain of baking machinefcomprising a supdriving said chain, y burners individually regulable for heating said plates, contro3ling means operable to simultaneously regulate the iow of fluid t all of said burners, and supplemental means for simultaneously cutting' ofl'the flow of fluid with the stoppingy of said chain of l, baking plates.

6; A baking Inachine comprising a supporting frame,an endless 'chainof baking' plates supported at opposite .ends by said l frame, a system cf gas piping for heating saidplates, a, shut-c izvalvein the main h ne vof said piping, driving means for said chain, and a lever, operatively connected itc said :.1

'amados 'driving means to render said means effective or ineffectiveand connected to said shut-off V valve whereby the supply of fuel is auto for imparting motion 4to said units, and

means for simultaneously controlling the supply of heat by the control of said driving means., y

8. A baking machine comprising a sup'- porting frame, a plurality of baking-plates,

a plurality' of superposed coperating plates,

-an endless chain element to which said superposed plates are attached, said superposed p plates'being connected to-said chain in a manner. to permit each to have independent vertical movement away from its complemental bakingplate l 9. A baking machine comprising a supporting frame, an endless chain of baking plates pivotally connected together, a superposed endless chain ot baking plates, a supplemental chain formed of a plurality of links, lugs en the apex, of each plate of superposed chain, said lugs having elongated slots therein extending at right angles to the plane of the plates, and rods passingthrough said lugs and the links of said supplemental chain whereby' the plates are lv connected together and are carried .,inks..

t baking .machine comprising a supporting iframe, an endless chain of baking plates hingedly connected together, sprockets in* opposite ends of said frame over which said chain vis adapted to pass, complemental plates adapted for superimposition upon said first plates and individually yieldable in a direction away from said rst plates, and means for passing said plates through a heated zone.

p l1. A baking machine Vcomprising a plurality of baking vunits formed of coperating plates arranged in ysuperposed relation, and auxiliary -units within which the top plates of said baking units are supported, said top plates being supported in said auxiliary units 1n a manner to permit their ready self adjustment vertically during the v l2. A baking i bakngperiod, said top plates and their auxiliary units beingalso relatively movable i away from the remaining structure formingsaid baking units.

bine comprising. a supporting frame,lan endless chain of baking plates, top plates arranged to cooperate with said endless chain of plates, and auxiliary units within which said top plates are supported, said top plates being supported in plates hingedly connected together, theI plates on the lower strand of the upper chain pump, n through a zone o1' heat, and a perforated plate mounted on said frame and beneath and the plates on the upper strand of the lower cha-in beinggadapted for superim-` position, sprockets in opposite ends of said frame over which said chains are adapted topass,l the plates on the upper chain being connected in a manner to have an individual outward yielding movement, and heating means. v

1li. A baking machine comprising a supporting frame', a plurality of baking units, means for moving said units through a Zone of heat, a batter pump, and a guard plate interposed between said pump and said units and spaced from said units for the creation of a draft to prevent baking of the batter in said pump. i

15. A baking machine comprising a supporting frame, superposed endless chains of baking plates coperatively mounted, a means for movingV said chains said pump for the creation of a draft carried by the heat of saidchains to prevent baking vof the batter in the pump.

In testimony whereof l aiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ORLANDO GARRISON. Witnesses I M. L. Jackson,

ALLEN C. ll/loDoNALDT said units in a manner to permit their indi- I 

